Russia became the first country to create a vaccine against coronavirus for people
The Issue of creating a vaccine against the coronavirus appeared almost immediately after COVID-19 outside of China, and millions of people realize the real threat that he represents. Work on the vaccine among the countries that follow it, marked Germany, Russia, USA, China and others. Soon after, scientists from the National research centre of epidemiology and Microbiology named Gamalei said their vaccine for coronavirus will be ready in August. And so, on 11 August 2020, about creating the world's first vaccine against COVID-19 said the President of Russia Vladimir Putin. How scientists from Russia was the first to create a vaccine, and most importantly — whether it will help to cope with the coronavirus worldwide?
The specialists of the Centre Gamal previously stated that the development of a vaccine against coronavirus using "ready technology platform". We are talking about working on the same type of vaccines against Ebola and the MERS virus (middle East respiratory syndrome). Scientists had indeed developed an appropriate platform for over 10 years and decided to use it to develop vaccines from COVID-19.
According to scientists and representatives of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, the vaccine has proved its effectiveness and ready-to-use people. In the civil turnover, as reported, it will be available from 1 January 2021. Until that time, to get vaccinated against the coronavirus will be able the workers of state enterprises and medical institutions and vaccination will be voluntary.
According to the results of the vaccine showed high efficacy and safety. All the volunteers developed antibodies COVID‑19. While none of them noted serious complications of immunization, said the Minister of health of the Russian Federation Mikhail Murashko.
Vaccine Trials "Satellite V" (the so-called Russian project) began in June 2020. They took part sechenovskiy University and military hospital named after Burdenko. In total the study took 42 days, during this time, they took part of 38 healthy adult volunteers, reported in the documents Center Gamalei submitted for registration of a vaccine against coronavirus. All subjects to complete the studies really came of antibodies to COVID-19.
So passed the test of the Russian vaccine
At the same time, the report biologists reported that the duration of protection by vaccine is still unknown. Clinical studies on the epidemiological of effectiveness is also not carried out. The level of antibodies in the blood after the vaccine — average.
It is Not clear why the Ministry of health has reported that immunity to the coronavirus after the introduction of the Russian vaccine may persist for up to two years. Professor of physiology First MSMU n. a. Sechenov Anton Ershov informed that "there is an assumption that immunity to COVID-19 will also be retained for two years. But evidence preservation no".
Despite the fact that some pharmaceutical companies requested the postponement of the registration of the vaccine was registered by the Ministry of health and can officially be used from next year. Short-term studies raise questions, but the Centre Gamalei wants to finish one more phase clinical trials involving several thousand people to the January 1, 2020.
According to scientists, the vaccine consists of two solutions. In the first recombinant adenovirus contains human Ad5, the second Ad26. It is the causative agents of acute respiratory diseases. Adenoviruses are used as vehicles to deliver protein S gene of virus SARS-CoV-2.
Also in the vaccine used sucrose, two kinds of salt, ethanol 95 %, hexahydrate magnesium chloride, a Polysorbate, water and a chemical "Tris".
Vaccination will be two phase: after the first is produced by humoral cell-mediated immunity, and then formed the so-called «memory cells» to provide long-term protection from the virus.
it looks like the world's first vaccine against coronavirus
At the moment it is known that 38 subjects were 144 recorded adverse events. Most passed without consequences. Among the side effects biologists note swelling, pain, hyperthermia and itching at the injection site. However, such "effects" are typical for most vaccines against viruses.
Concern is the other side effects are discovered during the test: malaise, fever, loss of appetite, headache, diarrhea, pain in the oropharynx, nasal congestion, sore throat.
the Vaccine will need to type in two stages
The Russian authorities wanted to develop a vaccine against coronavirus, in the first place to protect those who are at risk people over 60 years. However, the vaccine "Satellite V" has a age restriction patient must be 18 years or older, but younger than 60 years. In other words, the Russian vaccine is impossible to send children and seniors. The drug is also is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, because scientists have not yet managed to conduct enough tests.
The Vaccine should be used with caution in chronic diseases of the kidneys and liver, diabetes, severe diseases of the hematopoietic system, epilepsy, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, atopy and eczema.
In addition, the site of vaccination should be equipped in a special way: there must be the shock therapy. The patient must be under the supervision of health professionals 30 minutes after vaccine administration.
Despite the fact that many countries were skeptical about the Russian development, Russia has already received requests for a billion doses of a new vaccine, said the General Director of the Russian direct investment Fund (RDIF) Kirill Dmitriev. Mostly expressed their interest in Latin America, the Middle East and Asia.
Other countries will continue to create their vaccine.
A Number of countries expressed concern that the vaccine trials took too little time, and still plan to continue the development of their vaccines. Also not yet been provided by the results of the tests of the Russian vaccine at least on animals. Who is going to analyze the information about the trials of the drug, to ensure that vaccine research was carried out correctly. Thus, the organization plans to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the medication.
Indeed, Russia has managed to create a vaccine against coronavirus in record time. Chinese doctors reported in may , but since then news about it there. In the United States also conducted , but stated that she was not yet ready for mass use. After the first tests on animals and 45 subjects, the US government sanctioned the testing of the second stage from 600 healthy volunteers. In June the American company of Moderna proceeded to the third phase – testing the vaccine on thousands of subjects to demonstrate its safety and effectiveness.
If the Russian scientists have managed to make a working vaccine COVID-19 and while safe for humans, it's great. But while this situation is shrouded in many questions. Maybe soon we'll get further clarification.
